Recently in Gardening in Missouri Category

Hoaky, huh, but it's true.

When I started recycling a couple of years ago, I was amazed that more than half my daily garbage was reusable paper refuse.

When I then removed items that could be composted, I went from one of those hungamunga green garbage cans I could hardly wrestle down my driveway to a dainty one almost a third of that size - and my little toy kitchen raised bed garden started to have healthier plants, too.

Compost is nothing more than organic matter that's been allowed, and encouraged, to break down into humus or what gardeners call "black gold." Compost is how farmers return nutrients to the soil and make sure their ground is ready to grow specific crops

If you're gardening around here, you can get a soil test through University of Missouri Extension offices so you know what kind of amendments you need to add to your soil. Since we're lucky to have 2-4 inches of good top soil in this area, I figure anything I add to my hilly garden has to be good.

The first concern I hear about compost is smell. There are several ways to easily manage that:

1. Keep a plastic bag in a freezer bin and toss compost-bound materials in there. When the bag is full, take it out to the composter.

2. Get a self-enclosed composter. I like the ones that have a handle on the side so they can easily be turned. Closed composters keep wildlife out and manage odors. Or try the Dr. Stevie black bag composting technique, named after my youngest brother who one summer had a gold mine of composted leaves when he forgot he had bagged them the fall before and piled them behind his gardening shed.

 If you have wildlife or neighborhood pets,  don't expect them to respect plastic. My brother's cucumber-ravaging bunny rabbits chewed a hole in one of his black bags after we tossed watermelon rinds in
.
3. Use odors to tell you when you don't have the right combination of brown materials and green materials. If you have the right combination, the compost mixture should not smell. You basically need equal parts of brown leaves, grass clippings and kitchen scraps sprinkled with water and regularly mixed or tumbled.

Compost needs warm weather to work but I still drag my buckets of material to my composters through winter. Although nothing is breaking down when it's cold, the composters are all set when weather does start warming up.

You can compost a variety of things including egg shells; fruit and vegetable peels and related left overs, but not seeds. Well, go ahead and toss seeds into a composter when its warm. I'm guessing that's how the Jack In the Bean Stalk fairy tale story got started!

You can also compost straw, grass, leaves, dryer lint, hair and shredded newspaper.
 
Do not compost meat, poop or bones.

If you're just starting to compost, invest in a pair of kitchen chicken-cutting scissors.  Mine live in the drying rack in my sink so I can easily access them when I'm cooking.

I save organic leftovers in a bowl; when I'm through cooking, part of the clean up is to use the scissors to cut all organic matter into small pieces. It takes up less storage space that way, and decomposes faster

When compost turns black and crumbly, it's ready to add to your garden soil.

Once you get into a routine, I'll bet you'll be surprised at how much less you have in your garbage,  and how much better your garden is growing.
















Charlotte Ekker Wiggins shares gardening and beekeeping adventures from her limestone MO hill. Copyright 2012 all rights reserved.




 

Gardening catalogs are starting to show up in my mailbox.  They're a good reminder that one of the advantages of being a gardener is that you don't really have to grow up.
By that I mean you're encouraged to try new seeds and plants, and to test new techniques and toys - oops tools, I meant tools.

Unfortunately for gadget manufacturers, I'm not too drawn to newfangled gardening accessories, probably because gardening on a Missouri limestone hill means a pick ax is the main, and sometimes only, gardening tool that will work.

The following is my list of top things to try this year:

1. Composting. I like the tumbler-type plastic composters with a side handle for easy turning. I also have a table top Nature Mill composter in my garage. I collect compost material in a bag in my freezer, then move it outside when the bag is full. It's amazing to me how composting reduces the amount of garbage. Colleagues in my business office also have been kind enough to help save coffee grounds and fruit peelings. In return, I bring in fresh flowers for our coffee break room and amend my raised bed kitchen garden.

2. Start vegetable garden seeds a little earlier than end February. I'm still trying to decide how to protect lettuce seedlings in my deck pots, maybe plastic over the top will work.

3. Conserve water. I'm amazed at how much my rain barrels collect during rain storms; and then how happier my plants seem to be when watered with
rain water.

4. Use  soaker hoses to minimize water runoff; add a timer to your irrigation system so you don't forget to turn it off.

5. Make a concerted effort not to use pesticides. Today there are more earth-friendly and safe alternatives. take a little extra time to read labels and learn about non-traditional options like spraying plants with hot pepper-infused water. Being less critical of a less than perfect
flower also helps!

6. Create an inviting habitat for garden visitors by providing food, water and shelter for birds, butterflies and other pollinators like bees. Birds are natural predators, and pollinators will help your garden have more produce.

7. Mow less grass; expand flower beds.

8. Add fruit-bearing shrubs and compact fruit trees. They're not only pretty when in bloom but can provide you with fresh fruit.

9. Plant more low maintenance native flowers. Rolla area is in USDA zone 5B. Natives require less water and will adapt faster; some have long blooming seasons like black-eyed susans.

10. Don't toss out those green tomatoes you finally grew. Try ripening them by storing in a cool, dark place in a brown bag with an apple. They don't have as much flavor as vine-ripened
tomatoes but they are still better than winter, store bought ones!


Which one of these have you tried already?







Charlotte Ekker Wiggins is a master gardener sharing gardening adventures in and around her Missouri wildlife garden. 

Copyright 2012, all rights reserved.

Bet you can guess what my family and friends are getting for Christmas this year.

It's not just any honey - it's my first batch, successfully harvested and bottled in spite of all I didn't know about what I was doing!

According to the IRS, harvesting honey officially makes me a "bee farmer" and, be still my heart, requires that I fill out a new tax schedule.

You'd think I would be a honey farmer since what I harvest is not bees but I'm not about to argue.

It does explain one of the comments I heard a couple of years ago at a Mid-Missouri Beekeepers Association meeting. The experienced backyard beekeeper said raising bees was "just like raising cattle only the guy who spends $10,000 on a bull is not as hurt as a beekeeper loosing a queen."

Can you find the queen in this photo? She's bigger than the rest....

The queen is the only egg-layer in the colony and without her, the colony is literally lost. Whereas a worker bee lives only for 45 days, a queen bee can live 4-5 years, assuming nothing untoward happens to her, and she sets the tone for the colony's production, and success.

I lost a couple of queens this past year; no one is sure why. My well-intentioned experiment of letting the bees raise their own queen after the first one disappeared resulted only in a wax moth infestation, which I had to try to manually clean out once a week. Wax moths are sold by the pound in bird food catalogs but they look like wriggling Jabba the Huts and are amazingly destructive for being so tiny.

I didn't have much luck with the second queen, she died on the way to the hive.
 
The third one, I hope, is wintering over nicely with the rest of the all-female colony. By now worker bees have found and tossed out the male bees, or drones, to reduce colony numbers so they can bunch up in the center of the hive and survive eating their own honey stores. The boy bees are escorted out because they do nothing more than wait to mate with the queen; the colony will grow new drones when spring comes.

I didn't cook or any way alter my honey; it's the way it came out of the hive, which means it may become cloudy from pollen.

If it's kept in temperatures below 70F, it may also crystalize on the bottom - proof that it's unpasteurized, real honey but a new concept for some people used to imported, diluted and processed honey.

Cooking removes all good enzymes.

I also added honey comb to my honey bottles. There's something intriguing about seeing a piece of the perfectly-created comb bees make floating in honey - and it's a delicious treat, too.

To help my bees make it through winter, I added hive top feeders so I can easily give them sugar water, or a little honey, every few weeks. This way they can move in and out of the feeders from inside the hive, which means less chance their little delicate wings will freeze from exposure.

I also added insulation to the hives, duct-taping 2-inch wide styrofoam pieces and leaving openings at the front, and at the top, of the back of the hives.

I was feeling pretty good about the insulation until my handyman said two scrappers had been in the neighborhood asking if I had two old refrigerators I wanted hauled off.

Reminded me of the days when I was on the City Council and the city would periodically get reports I was growing grass - the green, lawn kind - over the 12-inch maximum. It only took the city one visit to my garden to see I don't believe, nor do I grow grass - but it became an early warning system that one of my votes had ticked someone off.

Well, part of me hopes word does get around that besides bees, I'm now planting old kitchen appliances. It's a great way to keep the neighborhood watch on its toes!

Here's to you having an equally sweet holiday with family and friends - Merry Christmas!












Charlotte Ekker Wiggins is a master gardener and writes about gardening in and around her Missouri wildlife garden. 

Copyright 2011, all rights reserved.

PS the queen honeybee is the upper left hand corner of the photo, darker and bigger than the rest!

Balboa the squirrel just walked by with another love apple in his mouth.

We met under a sofa cover in my den a couple of years ago when he was
still a baby.

He inadvertently spent a weekend closed up in my house.

He used to periodically walk into the den when I left the door open for my
cats and, this particular weekend, I must have missed him sneaking in.

The house looked like they had had quite a party; lamps and books knocked over everywhere.  A trail of  empty sunflower seeds gave him away, and he reluctantly moved back outside with the encouragement of a broom.

Balboa still periodically peeks into the den through the glass door and chatters at me when I'm out on the deck,  calmly helping himself to green pears and most recently, cherry tomatoes.

Tomatoes are originally from South America via Europe. The French perpetuated the charming superstition that people who ate tomatoes fell in love and gave them the nickname "pomme d'amour" or "love apples." 

Although scientifically a fruit, the US Supreme court in 1887 ruled tomatoes were a vegetable and subject to an import tariff with other fruits of the vine like beans, peans and cucumbers.

I've noticed my ripening tomatoes this year need a little help. Because of record hot temperatures, they've either not produced fruit or are ripening unevenly with green patches.
 

I forego buying tomatoes over winter because they are picked so early and so green, they are tasteless. 

By mid-summer, I'm more than ready to add delicious home grown tomatoes to my salads.

They're certainly not as perfect as grocery store tomatoes but there's an easy way to get them ready.

I pop them into a brown bag with an apple, clip the bag top closed, and check the bag every day until the whole tomato is red.

One of my neighbors is also growing tomato plants in his backyard but he's having issues with stink bugs.

I planted marigolds around my tomato plants; a wonderful, easy to grow annual that keeps bad bugs away and that bloom continuously even through record hot weather.

Frankly I don't get excited about holes in plant leaves or seeing bugs in my garden. I want ladybugs, praying mantis and birds around; they are natural predators to the more damaging bugs.

Another friend recently told me he learned to spread corn starch with a fan over his vegetables, a great natural way to discourage bugs from taking the first bite out of your homegrown produce.

In the years I haven't added marigolds, I've used a homemade dormant oil spray:

Hot pepper concentrate
1 unpeeled onion
1 unpeeled head of garlic
1 TBS cayenne pepper
3 pints of water

Use gloves to mix. Simmer for 20 minutes. Cool. Store in refrigerator for 6 weeks or so. Dilute 1 TBSP with 1 pint water. Add dish soap to better stick on leaves. Apply with a spray bottle. Re-apply every other day or so.

Sorry, it doesn't work on squirrels. Balboa seems to think it's a great salad dressing!













Charlotte is a Master Gardener writing her blog, and a weekly newspaper column, on a MO hill
gardening to distraction. Copyright 2011, all rights reserved.

I knew the night I was sitting on my deck and was hit on the head by something grey flying by, I had a bat.

I was wrong; it was a moth.

The Carolina Sphinx Moth has to be one of the - well, cutest - moths around.

It has huge black eyes, and when it's at its full 4-inch size, it does resemble a small bat.

Carolina Sphinx Moths move among flowers at dusk and hang around outside lights at night.

What I didn't expect was to find how they get a start in life as tobacco horn worms.

Yes, those very elegant,  green caterpillars with 7 white stripes down their sides eating our tomato plants for a couple of weeks, fall into soil to pulpate, them metamorphize into these really charming moths.

Boy, did I feel guilty about all the tobacco horn worms I've picked off tomato plants over the years and, without a second thought , dispatched under my shoe.

Not that I don't want tomatoes. Since we're having record hot temperatures, and little is flowering and setting fruit, I decided to let tobacco horn worms eat to their heart's content. After all, don't we all plant far more tomato plants, and get more tomatoes than we can ever eat?

I know I do, and I have more than enough to share.

Guilt is a great motivator.

I have been periodically tempted to use pesticides in my garden but, after thinking about honeybees dying in part because of continued pesticide use, I don't. It's not just because of my honeybees. The trade-off is a few, slightly-munched on tomatoes in exchange for garden helpers who are part of a garden's natural community, with each bug having an important role to play. 

I was watching wild bumblebees walking gingerly through pumpkin blossoms earlier this week, their legs carrying a little yellow pollen from one flower to the next, ensuring I will have pumpkins this fall.

There was also an elegant black and white wasp checking over nearby baby cucumbers. Ever since I realized last year my 30-something year old compact pear tree is now loaded with fruit  because wasps pollinate pear flowers in spring, I don't mind them making nests in some of my birdhouses.

In addition to pollinating flowers, tobacco horn worms are also hosts to wasps, who lay eggs on horn worms.

There are several pesticides that kill horn worms, but  they also kill off all caterpillars. 

I have had  the most amazing crop of Swallowtail butterflies this year; yellow ones, black ones, and even one on US Fish and Wildlife's Endangered Species list, Giant Swallowtail.

Last year, several Swallowtail caterpillars ate one of my potted orange trees back to the trunk. Guess I could have sprayed it, but I didn't.

The potted orange tree is doing fine this year.

Did I mention everything is connected??





Charlotte is a Master Gardener writing her blog, and a weekly newspaper column, on a MO hill gardening to distraction.

It's easy to see how people can confuse this little Hummingbird Clear Wing Moth with a baby hummingbird.

Hummingbird Clear Wing Moths make a buzzing sound with its wings, similar to that of a hummingbird.

Like hummingbirds, Hummingbird Clear Wing Moths fly in a quick, darting manner, hovering over flowers while sipping nectar. Although this photo is not clear, I like it because it shows the hummingbird moth's wing in action.

 

The first time I mentioned "bee bars" to fellow beekeepers, I got very polite but definitely blank stares.

"Bee bars" are what I call sugar water feeding stations I've set up around my garden to keep my "girls" fed, and busy in this stifling weather.

Record hot temperatures make  it challenging for honeybees to find pollen. Once temperatures are over 90F, plants go into survivor mode, leaving honeybees with little to no pollen to pack back to the hive for food.

To make it through this slump, honeybees may eat their stored honey, which may leave them short to survive winter; or they'll raid the extra honey they've produced, for which I have a few plans myself.

I didn't know this last year when over Labor Day weekend,  I noticed a few honeybees checking out my deck plants and hummingbird feeders.

Still a little tenuous about being around them, I made a few modifications to hummingbird feeders so honeybees could easily, and safely, get to sugar water.

I had initially added two hives to my garden for pollination but I had yet to see any honeybees among my vegetables.

To guide the bees from one side of the house to my "toy," raised bed garden, I also sprayed my deck plants with sugar water; then set up feeders guiding them across the house.

It was a blast being with the bees.

They're adorable as they settle into the sugar water to drink, their hind quarters moving up and down in unison.

I also fed them in my hand, watching them chase each other and dip into the sugar water in flight.

I wasn't stung once, even though they at times would envelop my arm carrying a pitcher of sugar water, or buzz around me in the garden to let me know the "bee bar" was empty.

This year, I found hummingbird feeders with slits bees can easily access.

I also developed "bee pools" on top of my rain barrels.

After adding rocks and twigs where bees can land, I fill rain barrel tops with sugar water and then sit back to watch what shows up.

Besides honeybees, I've seen black and white wasps; sweat bees; carpenter bees; ants; bumble bees; several other wild bees I'm still trying to identify; black swallowtail butterflies, and three baby raccoons.

The last visitors show up after dark so I try to remember to store feeders inside my outside grill or they take the feeders apart. (Yes, bees sneak into the grill to find the feeders, especially early in the morning.)

Every once in awhile, a hummingbird will show up, hover around the bee-covered feeder and then take off.

I have a couple hummingbird feeders set up in front of the house in shade,  where hummingbirds can get a drink in peace.

Feeding honeybees is a common beekeeping practice, usually done to give honeybees an early start, or to tie honeybees over when there may be a pollen shortage.

Commercial beekeepers have feeders they place on top of hives; there's also a feeder where a jar goes into the hive entrance to feed less expensive corn syrup.

I suppose that's more efficient but I prefer to think of my short-lived bees as free-ranging, flying around the garden enjoying being bees and allowing me to watch them up close.

Charlotte is a Master Gardener writing her blog, and a weekly newspaper column, on a MO hill gardening to distraction.

Not really but isn't that a great name, gooseneck loosestrife?

I finally discovered what these charming clusters of tiny white flowers that drape over themselves like a goose neck were called last year, during Phelps County Master Gardeners annual garden tour.

Mae Law had a much better-behaved clump in her garden, and we discussed how to keep these effusive plants from getting out of hand.

These Missouri perennials can expand quickly so unless you don't want large drifts of these shade plants, keep them thinned out after they bloom.

I love anything that takes care of itself so easily so I don't mind them taking over bare spots.

Gooseneck loosestrife are butterfly and bee favorites.

They also make wonderful cut flowers so, just for those two reasons, they're a wonderful addition in any garden.

Goosneck Loosestrife grows by shallow runners so they're easy to pull out of the ground when the plants move into an area you don't want them in.

This time of year, I pay particular attention to what is growing in other people's gardens.

With record hot temperatures, I'm looking for plants that can make it through Missouri's USDA Growing zone 5b-6 punishing summers so I can invite them into my hillside garden.

Not surprisingly, many of the hardier plants are Missouri native wildflowers, like purple coneflowers.

There are many new hybrid coneflower varieties but my favorites are still basic pink ones, which attract butterflies and once established, seem to bloom all summer. 

Nadine Moreland, St. James, said her purple coneflowers have never looked better than they do this year and she hasn't done a thing to them, it's  as if they love this hot weather!

Another personal favorite is pink phlox, the perennial mother plant to the wide range of phlox hybrids.

Years ago, a gardening friend told me not to bother buying different-colored phlox because unless I can keep phlox hybrids apart, they will revert back to the basic pink.

Since I've never been good at coraling plants -  I do periodically chase  strawberries that have slipped downhill - I've let pink phlox settle wherever they want to in my garden.

Not surprisingly, their idea of where they should grow is  much better than mine. They've become a staple for a variety of butterflies, honeybees and hummingbird moths.

Have you noticed the lovely large burgundy flowers at the corner of Business Loop 63 and University Drive in Rolla, Missouri?

Those are hardy hibiscus, cousins to the more common perennial Rose of Sharon bushes, and sometimes trees, seen around town.

What I like about Rose of Sharon is they start blooming before fall sets in and once established, use their long tap roots to keep hydrated.

Just be careful trying to dig one up. I would wait until after a good, soaking rain or the long root will break off.

Black-eyed Susans also manage to pull through hot weather with little effort, although the ones facing southwest in my garden needed a little water earlier this week.

Tomatoes usually do well for me in summer heat but this year, my tomatoes seem to be holding their breath at green.

Plants at 95F or higher go into survival mode and don't produce pollen or allow fruit to ripen.

In the spirit of Native American's "Three Sisters" gardening, I'm letting green beans grow around my tomatoes to try to keep parts of them shaded. Squash is moving under the tomatoes, hopefully shading tomato roots.

Annuals like marigolds, vinca, petunias and zinnias have for years done well in hot weather, although I did spot a patch around 18th Street that looked a bit wilted.

Even hardy plants can use a little helping water now and then.

Mrs. Emma Johnson, who used to live with her son and his family off Soest Road, years ago shared her "secret" to keeping her plants doing well through "hot spells."

Instead of fertilizing her plants once a month, she cut the dosage to one fourth of the original amount and fed her plants from the bottom every time she watered, which she said encouraged her plants to grow longer roots and thereby grow faster.

I use a similar watering principle every time I bring sale plants home.

Instead of immediately popping them into dry ground, I give them a little diluted, fertilizer cocktail and give them a week or so to recover before transplanting them into a garden spot I've saturated with a gallon or two of water.

That way, dry surrounding soil won't compete for water from the potted plant.

Jerry Baker, Master Gardener extraordinaire, has an interesting recipe for a garden tonic to use every three weeks all season long. Mix and apply with your hose sprayer:

1 can of beer,
1 cup of ammonia,
1/2 cup of dishwashing liquid,
1/2 cup of liquid lawn food, and
1/2 cup molasses or corn syrup.

At this early stage of a long hot summer, plants can use all the help they can get!












Charlotte is a Master Gardener writing her blog, and a weekly newspaper column, on a MO hill gardening to distraction.

If you've ever tried to grow foxgloves, Missouri Wildflowers Beard-Tongue will quickly become a favorite.

A hardy perennial that likes shade and semi-shady areas, Beard-Tongue will survive a lot of abuse and still come back the following year as hardy, and pretty, as ever.

Unlike foxgloves, Beard-Tongue is shallow-rooted and self-seeding, making it an easy wildflower to add to a garden.

My first Beard-Tongue plant came from a friend's house; she didn't remember what the plant was and I had a shady spot that needed greenery.

Now years later, part of my spring routine is taking a weeder and after a rain, digging Beard-Tongue plant starts out of my driveway and moving them back into flower beds.

The name comes from a middle lip that is hairy, an open invitation to pollinators like honeybees and butterflies.

Beard-Tongue also makes a nice cut flower. Check the flowers before bringing them inside, I usually find a hitchhiker or two!